Biology · Combined Science Higher
Homeostasis and Response
Spec 4.5Paper 21 required practical8 subtopics
Subtopics
1
Homeostasis
Define homeostasis and explain how negative feedback maintains a stable internal environment.
2
The Human Nervous System
Describe the structure and function of the nervous system, neurones and synapses.
3
Reflex Actions
Describe reflex actions, the reflex arc and why reflexes are faster than voluntary responses.
4
The Endocrine System
Describe the endocrine system, the main glands and hormones, and compare hormonal with nervous communication.
5
Blood Glucose Control and Diabetes
Describe how insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose, and explain Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
6
Human Reproduction and Hormones
Describe puberty, the menstrual cycle and the hormones that control human reproduction.
7
Contraception and Fertility Treatment
Describe methods of contraception and fertility treatments including IVF.
8
Reaction Time
Describe how to measure reaction time and explain what affects it.
Higher tier only
Negative feedback loops
IVF treatment and ethical considerations
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Inheritance, Variation and Evolution