Chemical Changes

1 Reactivity of Metals and Metal Oxides Describe the reactivity series of metals and use it to predict reactions. Spec 5.4.1.1–5.4.1.2 2 Extraction of Metals and Reduction Explain how metals are extracted from their ores and how the method depends on reactivity. Spec 5.4.1.3 3 Oxidation and Reduction Define oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygen gain/loss and use OIL RIG. Spec 5.4.1.4 4 Reactions of Acids with Metals and Bases Describe reactions of acids with metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides and carbonates. Spec 5.4.2.1–5.4.2.2 5 Making Salts and Neutralisation Describe methods for making pure dry salts from acids and how neutralisation works. Spec 5.4.2.2–5.4.2.3 6 The pH Scale and Neutralisation Describe the pH scale, what it measures and how indicators are used. Spec 5.4.2.4 7 Titrations Describe how to carry out a titration to find the volumes of acid and alkali that exactly react. Spec 4.4.2.5 8 The Process of Electrolysis Describe what electrolysis is, how it works and the key terms used. Spec 5.4.3.1 9 Electrolysis of Molten Ionic Compounds Predict and explain the products of electrolysing molten ionic compounds. Spec 5.4.3.2 10 Using Electrolysis to Extract Metals Describe how electrolysis is used to extract aluminium and purify copper. Spec 5.4.3.3 11 Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions Predict products of electrolysing aqueous solutions and explain why water adds complexity. Spec 5.4.3.4 12 Strong and Weak Acids Distinguish between strong and weak acids in terms of ionisation and explain the difference in pH. Spec 5.4.2.5 13 Half Equations for Electrode Reactions Write and balance half equations for oxidation and reduction at electrodes. Spec 5.4.3.5